C code files (with a.cpp extension) are not the only files commonly seen in C programs. The other type of file is called a header file. Header files usually have a.h extension, but you will occasionally see them with a.hpp extension or no extension at all. The primary purpose of a header file is to propagate declarations to code files. 11 Added in the C11 standard. 14 Added in the C14 standard. 17 Added in the C17 standard. 20 Added in the draft C20 standard. A Deprecated in the C17 standard. B Removed in the draft C20 standard. C code files (with a.cpp extension) are not the only files commonly seen in C programs. The other type of file is called a header file. Header files usually have a.h extension, but you will occasionally see them with a.hpp extension or no extension at all. The primary purpose of a header file is to propagate declarations to code files. As a rule, I always use.hpp for C header files. It's not uncommon to find a mixture of C and C within a repository, and the difference in filename helps clarify that. To put that another way:.h: C header file.c: C implementation file.hpp: C header file.cpp: C implementation file; See how clear that is? Nov 06, 2012 Demonstrates how to create and use a user-defined header file in a C application.
File Handling concept in C++ language is used for store a data permanently in computer. Using file handling we can store our data in Secondary memory (Hard disk).
For read and write from a file you need another standard C++ library called fstream, which defines three new data types:
Datatype | Description |
---|---|
ofstream | This is used to create a file and write data on files |
ifstream | This is used to read data from files |
fstream | This is used to both read and write data from/to files |
For achieving file handling in C++ we need follow following steps
Function | Operation |
---|---|
open() | To create a file |
close() | To close an existing file |
get() | Read a single character from a file |
put() | write a single character in file. |
read() | Read data from file |
write() | Write data into file. |
The function open() can be used to open multiple files that use the same stream object.
A file must be close after completion of all operation related to file. For closing file we need close() function.
Mode | Meaning | Purpose |
---|---|---|
ios :: out | Write | Open the file for write only. |
ios :: in | read | Open the file for read only. |
ios :: app | Appending | Open the file for appending data to end-of-file. |
ios :: ate | Appending | take us to the end of the file when it is opened. |
Both ios :: app and ios :: ate take us to the end of the file when it is opened. The difference between the two parameters is that the ios :: app allows us to add data to the end of file only, while ios :: ate mode permits us to add data or to modify the existing data any where in the file.
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The mode can combine two or more parameters using the bitwise OR operator (symbol )
Each file have two associated pointers known as the file pointers. One of them is called the input pointer (or get pointer) and the other is called the output pointer (or put pointer). The input pointer is used for reading the contents of a given file location and the output pointer is used for writing to a given file location.
When we want to move file pointer to desired position then use these function for manage the file pointers.
Function | Operation |
---|---|
seekg() | moves get pointer (input) to a specified location. |
seekp() | moves put pointer (output) to a specified location. |
tellg() | gives the current position of the get pointer. |
tellp() | gives the current position of the put pointer. |
fout . seekg(0, ios :: beg) | go to start |
fout . seekg(0, ios :: cur) | stay at current position |
fout . seekg(0, ios :: end) | go to the end of file |
fout . seekg(m, ios :: beg) | move to m+1 byte in the file |
fout . seekg(m, ios :: cur) | go forward by m bytes from the current position |
fout . seekg(-m, ios :: cur) | go backward by m bytes from the current position |
fout . seekg(-m, ios :: end) | go backward by m bytes from the end |
The function put() write a single character to the associated stream. Similarly, the function get() reads a single character from the associated stream.
These function take two arguments. The first is the address of the variable V , and the second is the length of that variable in bytes. The address of variable must be cast to type char * (i.e pointer to character type).
Download ppt file releated to file handling File Handling ppt