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NextPreviousContentsThe pin numbers are often engraved in the plastic of theconnector but you may need a magnifying glass to read them.Note DCD is sometimes labeled CD. The numbering of the pins on afemale connector is read from right to left, starting with 1 in theupper right corner (instead of 1 in the upper left corner for the maleconnector as shown below). --> direction is out of PC.
After some help from u/bvguy a few weeks ago (thanks once again man, you've been a life-saver) I was able to replicate the hardware described in the ESP32 Dev-kit-c schematic for integration with our PCB design in this post. However, after researching some off-the-shelf USB to UART adapters on Amazon, I've found that most of these don't have RTS/DTR pins exposed (Typically 5V/3.3V/GND/TX/RX. February 13, 2016 April 16, 2016 felhr UsbSerial for Android Tags: Android Arduino Ft232, Android Arduino serial port, Android COM port, Android COM port library, android development, Android flow control, Android FT232 driver, Android FTDI 232 driver, Android hardware flow control, Android PL2303 driver, Android RS232, Android RTS/CTS DTR/DSR.
Apr 15, 2015 Connect RTS to CHPD (which is used as active-low reset) and DTR to GPIO0. I verified that by looking at the python source code. However, the odd thing is, it is extremely rare for a USB-Serial adapter to actually have pins for both of those. Controlling DTR RTS pins of serial port using ioctl Call in linux. You may also try to use the TIOCMBIS ioctl command to set the DTR and RTS state. You can only set the state of the output pins RTS and DTR. The state of the input pins DCD, DSR, RI, and CTS can only be read. You should read the Linux Serial HOWTO and the Linux Serial.
Only 3 of the 9 pins have a fixed assignment: transmit, receiveand signal ground. This is fixed by the hardware and you can't changeit. But the other signal lines are controlled by software and may do(and mean) almost anything at all. However they can only be in one oftwo states: asserted (+12 volts) or negated (-12 volts). Asserted is'on' and negated is 'off'. For example, Linux software may commandthat DTR be negated and the hardware only carries out this command andputs -12 volts on the DTR pin. A modem (or other device) thatreceives this DTR signal may do various things. If a modem has beenconfigured a certain way it will hang up the telephone line when DTRis negated. In other cases it may ignore this signal or do somethingelse when DTR is negated (turned off).
It's like this for all the 6 signal lines. The hardware only sendsand receives the signals, but what action (if any) they perform is upto the Linux software and the configuration/design of devices that youconnect to the serial port. However, most pins have certain functionswhich they normally perform but this may vary with the operatingsystem and the device driver configuration. Under Linux, one maymodify the source code to make these signal lines behave differently(some people have).
A cable from a serial port always connects to another serial port.An external modem or other device that connects to the serial port hasa serial port built into it. For modems, the cable is always straightthru: pin 2 goes to pin 2, etc. The modem is said to be DCE (DataCommunications Equipment) and the computer is said to be DTE (DataTerminal Equipment). Thus for connecting DTE-to-DCE you usestraight-thru cable. For connecting DTE-to-DTE you must use anull-modem cable (also called a crossover cable). There are many waysto wire such cable (see examples in Text-Terminal-HOWTO subsection:'Direct Cable Connection')
There are good reasons why it works this way. One reason is that thesignals are unidirectional. If pin 2 sends a signal out of it (but isunable to receive any signal) then obviously you can't connect it topin 2 of the same type of device. If you did, they would both sendout signals on the same wire to each other but neither would be ableto receive any signal. There are two ways to deal with thissituation. One way is to have a two different types of equipmentwhere pin 2 of the first type sends the signal to pin 2 of the secondtype (which receives the signal). That's the way it's done when youconnect a PC (DTE) to a modem (DCE). There's a second way to do thiswithout having two different types of equipment: Connect pin sendingpin 2 to a receiving pin 3 on same type of equipment. That's the wayit's done when you connect 2 PCs together or a PC to a terminal(DTE-to-DTE). The cable used for this is called a null-modem cablesince it connects two PCs without use of a modem. A null-modem cablemay also be called a cross-over cable since the wires between pins 2and 3 cross over each other (if you draw them on a sheet of paper).The above example is for a 25 pin connector but for a 9-pin connectorthe pin numbers 2 and 3 are just the opposite.
The serial pin designations were originally intended for connecting adumb terminal to a modem. The terminal was DTE (Data TerminalEquipment) and the modem was DCE (Data Communication Equipment).Today the PC is usually used as DTE instead of a terminal (but realterminals may still be used this way). The names of the pins are thesame on both DTE and DCE. The words: 'receive' and 'transmit' arefrom the 'point of view' of the PC (DTE). The transmit pin from thePC transmits to the 'transmit' pin of the modem (but actually themodem is receiving the data from this pin so from the point of view ofthe modem it would be a receive pin).
The serial port was originally intended to be used for connecting DTEto DCE which makes cabling simple: just use a straight-thru cable.Thus when one connects a modem one seldom needs to worry about whichpin is which. But people wanted to connect DTE to DTE (for example acomputer to a terminal) and various ways were found to do this byfabricating various types of special null-modem cables. In this casewhat pin connects to what pin becomes significant.
This is 'hardware' flow control. Flow control was previouslyexplained in the Flow Controlsubsection but the pins and voltage signals were not. Linux onlysupports RTS/CTS flow control at present (but a special driver mayexist for a specific application which supports DTR/DSR flow control).Only RTS/CTS flow control will be discussed since DTR/DSR flow controlworks the same way. To get RTS/CTS flow control one needs to eitherselect hardware flow control in an application program or use thecommand:
stty -F /dev/ttyS2 crtscts (or the like). This enables RTS/CTShardware flow control in the Linux device driver.
Then when a DTE (such as a PC) wants to stop the flow into it, itnegates RTS. Negated 'Request To Send' (-12 volts) means 'request NOTto send to me' (stop sending). When the PC is ready for more bytesit asserts RTS (+12 volts) and the flow of bytes to it resumes. Flowcontrol signals are always sent in a direction opposite to the flow ofbytes that is being controlled. DCE equipment (modems) works the sameway but sends the stop signal out the CTS pin. Thus it's RTS/CTS flowcontrol using 2 lines.
On what pins is this stop signal received? That depends on whether wehave a DCE-DTE connection or a DTE-DTE connection. For DCE-DTE it's astraight-thru connection so obviously the signal is received on a pinwith the same name as the pin it's sent out from. It's RTS-->RTS (PCto modem) and CTS<--CTS (modem to PC). For DTE-to-DTE the connectionis also easy to figure out. The RTS pin always sends and the CTS pinalways receives. Assume that we connect two PCs (PC1 and PC2)together via their serial ports. Then it's RTS(PC1)-->CTS(PC2) andCTS(PC1)<--RTS(PC2). In other words RTS and CTS cross over. Such acable (with other signals crossed over as well) is called a 'nullmodem' cable. See Cabling Between Serial Ports
What is sometimes confusing is that there is the original use of RTSwhere it means about the opposite of the previous explanation above.This original meaning is: I Request To Send to you. This request wasintended to be sent from a terminal (or computer) to a modem which, ifit decided to grant the request, would send back an asserted CTS fromits CTS pin to the CTS pin of the computer: You are Cleared To Send tome. Note that in contrast to the modern RTS/CTS bi-directional flowcontrol, this only protects the flow in one direction: from thecomputer (or terminal) to the modem. This original use appears to belittle used today on modern equipment (including modems).
The DTR and DSR Pins
Just like RTS and CTS, these pins are paired. For DTE-to-DTEconnections they are likely to cross over. There are two ways to usethese pins. One way is to use them as a substitute for RTS/CTS flowcontrol. The DTR pin is just like the RTS pin while the DSR pinbehaves like the CTS pin. Although Linux doesn't support DTR/DSR flowcontrol, it can be obtained by connecting the RTS/CTS pins at the PCto the DSR/DTR pins at the device that uses DTR/DSR flow control. DTRflow control is the same as DTR/DSR flow control but it's only one-wayand only uses the DTR pin at the device. Many text terminals and someprinters use DTR/DSR (or just DTR) flow control. In the future, Linuxmay support DTR/DSR flow control. The software has already beenwritten but it's not clear when (or if) it will incorporated into theserial driver.
Esp32 Devkit V1 Pinout
The normal use of DTR and DSR (not for flow control) is as follows: Adevice asserting DTR says that its powered on and ready to operate.For a modem, the meaning of a DTR signal from the PC depends on howthe modem is configured. Negating DTR is sometimes called 'hangingup' but it doesn't always do this. One way to 'hang up' (negate DTR)is to set the baud rate to 0 using the command 'stty 0'. Trying to dothis from a 'foreign' terminal may not work due to the two-interfaceproblem. See Two interfaces at a terminal. For internal modem-serial_ports it worked OK with a portusing minicom but didn't work if the port was using wvdial. Why?
If 'stty -clocal' (or getty is used with the 'local' flag negated)then a serial port can't open until DCD gets an assert (+12 volts)signal.
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