Printf and scanf - printf and scanf both are predefined function in stdio.h header file. Tutorials, Free Online Tutorials, sitesbay provides tutorials and interview questions of all technology like java tutorial, android, java frameworks, javascript, ajax, core java, sql, python, php, c. What does printf do? Using printf/scanf inside printf; difference between scanf('%i') and scanf('%d')??? Perhaps bug inVS2005? What should printf infinity show? Problems writing a printf/scanf function that handles both int and char input from the console; what difference between pointer and struct variable; what difference between cstr. May 26, 2015 This feature is not available right now. Please try again later.
printf[edit]
| Syntax |
The printf() function prints output to stdout, according to format and other arguments passed to printf(). The string format consists of two types of items - characters that will be printed to the screen, and format commands that define how the other arguments to printf() are displayed. Basically, you specify a format string that has text in it, as well as 'special' characters that map to the other arguments of printf(). For example, this code
displays the following output:
The %s means, 'insert the first argument, a string, right here.' The %d indicates that the second argument (an integer) should be placed there. There are different %-codes for different variable types, as well as options to limit the length of the variables and whatnot.
| Control Character | Explanation |
|---|---|
| %c | a single character |
| %d | a decimal integer |
| %i | an integer |
| %e | scientific notation, with a lowercase 'e' |
| %E | scientific notation, with an uppercase 'E' |
| %f | a floating-point number |
| %g | use %e or %f, whichever is shorter |
| %G | use %E or %f, whichever is shorter |
| %o | an octal number |
| %x | unsigned hexadecimal, with lowercase letters |
| %X | unsigned hexadecimal, with uppercase letters |
| %u | an unsigned integer |
| %s | a string |
| %x | a hexadecimal number |
| %p | a pointer |
| %n | the argument shall be a pointer to an integer into which is placed the number of characters written so far |
| %% | a percent sign |
A field-length specifier may appear before the final control character to indicate the width of the field:
- h, when inserted inside %d, causes the argument to be a short int.
- l, when inserted inside %d, causes the argument to be a long.
- l, when inserted inside %f, causes the argument to be a double.
- L, when inserted inside %d or %f, causes the argument to be a long long or long double respecively.
An integer placed between a % sign and the format command acts as a minimum field width specifier, and pads the output with spaces or zeros to make it long enough. If you want to pad with zeros, place a zero before the minimum field width specifier:
You can also include a precision modifier, in the form of a .N where N is some number, before the format command:
The precision modifier has different meanings depending on the format command being used:
- With %e, %E, and %f, the precision modifier lets you specify the number of decimal places desired. For example, %12.6f will display a floating number at least 12 digits wide, with six decimal places.
- With %g and %G, the precision modifier determines the maximum number of significant digits displayed.
- With %s, the precision modifier simply acts as a maximum field length, to complement the minimum field length that precedes the period.
All of printf()'s output is right-justified, unless you place a minus sign right after the % sign. For example,
will display a floating point number with a minimum of 12 characters, 4 decimal places, and left justified. You may modify the %d, %i, %o, %u, and %x type specifiers with the letter l and the letter h to specify long and short data types (e.g. %hd means a short integer). The %e, %f, and %g type specifiers can have the letter l before them to indicate that a double follows. The %g, %f, and %e type specifiers can be preceded with the character '#' to ensure that the decimal point will be present, even if there are no decimal digits. The use of the '#' character with the %x type specifier indicates that the hexidecimal number should be printed with the '0x' prefix. The use of the '#' character with the %o type specifier indicates that the octal value should be displayed with a 0 prefix.
Inserting a plus sign '+' into the type specifier will force positive values to be preceded by a '+' sign. Putting a space character ' ' there will force positive values to be preceded by a single space character.
Printf Y Scanf En Dev C Online
You can also include constant escape sequences in the output string.
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The return value of printf() is the number of characters printed, or a negative number if an error occurred.
Printf In C Tutorial
- Related topics
- fprintf - puts - scanf - sprintf